home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Magnum One
/
Magnum One (Mid-American Digital) (Disc Manufacturing).iso
/
d22
/
wd.arc
/
V7S23
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1991-05-17
|
25KB
|
701 lines
WD1007V-SE1/WD1007V-SE2
3
FORMATTING YOUR HARD DRIVE
Before you can use your ESDI drive, you need to perform these three steps:
1. Perform low-level formatting using WDFMT 2.10, third party software, or the
WD1007V BIOS utility.
2. Partition your drive using MS-DOS 3.3 (FDISK) or other operating systems
that allow partitioning, such as Xenix and NetWare.
3. Perform high-level formatting using the operating system's normal
formatting program. For MS-DOS use the "Format C: (or D:)/S" command which
formats the drive to accept MS-DOS files and copies the operating system to
the drive.
**************************************************************************
LOW-LEVEL FORMATTING
**************************************************************************
If you are using the drive tables provided by your system BIOS, then use WDFMT
2.10 to low-level format your drive. Read the following section entitled "WDFMT
2.10".
If you are using the WD1007V BIOS, use the MS-DOS Debug utility to execute low-
level formatting. Skip the next section and instead follow the instructions in
the section entitled "WD1007V BIOS".
Note
When low-level formatting an ESDI drive, use the drive's physical
parameters, i.e., 8 heads and 34 or more sectors per track. If a format
for 17 sectors per track is attempted, only the data fields will be
initialized.
WDFMT 2.10
Use the WDFMT 2.10 utility to perform low-level formatting, bad track entry,
disk verify, and surface analysis and defect management. Use a 1:1 interleave,
a skew of 2, and format the drive using the physical parameters of the drive.
If Jumper W1 11-12 is installed, also format an alternate sector.
To use WDFMT follow these instructions:
CAUTION
Back up any valuable files that may exist on your drive. Use of WDFMT
will cause permanent loss of any existing data files.
1. Insert the WDFMT utility diskette in Drive A and type:
WDFMT and press the ENTER key
2. When the utility screen appears on your monitor, you will be prompted to
supply the following information. For each prompt for information, type in
your response and press ENTER.
Drive 0 or 1 (Select drive to be formatted.)
The number of cylinders...
The number of heads ...
The number of sectors per track...
The interleave value (Select an interleave value of 1.)
The precompensation value (Enter the number of cylinders
plus one.)
The sector skew (Enter 2)
Alternate sector (Enter "yes" only if Jumper W1 11-12 is
installed.)
3. When you have completed your entries, the utility program will advance to
the following screen.
***Western Digital Corporation***
AT Disk Format Utility
Rev. 2.10
Current drive parameters are:
Drive 0/1 : 0
Cylinders : 1023
Heads : 8
Sectors : 35
Interleave : 1
Precomp : 1024
Skew : 2
Alt Sector : No
ENTER MENU CHOICE
Format disk CAUTION this will destroy all
data on drive
Verify disk
Bad sector entry
Surface test CAUTION this will destroy
all data on drive!
Quit
FIGURE 3-1. WDFMT UTILITY
You have four menu choices: format disk, verify disk, bad sector entry, and
surface test.
Following is a brief description of the formatting routines offered by WDFMT
2.10:
Format Disk - This routine performs a low-level format of the drive. It formats
the drive according to the specified number of physical sectors per track.
Verify Disk - This routine is a short-term test of the surface that identifies
bad tracks on the drive and lists them by head and cylinder number. If an
alternate sector is available, a bad sector can be deallocated without having
to mark an entire track as "bad".
Bad Sector Entry - This routine allows you to enter the list of bad tracks. The
bad track information is marked on the label on top of the drive. Entering the
manufacturer's list of bad tracks ensures the safety of your data by
identifying all bad tracks or marginally defective tracks on your drive. Once
these defective tracks have been marked, they will not be used to store data.
Surface Test - This routine is a long-term test of the surface that identifies
bad tracks.
4. From the menu select the routine you wish to perform.,
We recommend you follow these steps:
a. Select "Format disk" and press the ENTER key to begin low-level
formatting.
b. When the low-level formatting is finished, select "Bad sector entry"
and press the ENTER key. Locate the bad track information marked on the
label on top of the drive. Type in the bad track list as follows:
ccc h...
where ccc = bad track cylinder number (1-4 digits) and
h = bad track head number (1-2 digits)
Type in the cylinder and head numbers for the bad tracks,
separating them with spaces, and press ENTER. (See following example.)
EXAMPLE: 100 0 100 1 245 1 300 0 and press the ENTER key
5. When you have finished entering the bad track information, return to the
main menu and select Verify Disk or Surface Test.
6. When you have finished, select Quit to exit the WDFMT utility.
WD1007V BIOS
If you are using the WD1007V BIOS to configure your drive, there must be no
jumper installed on jumper connector W3. Proceed with the following steps.
1. Place your DOS system diskette in Drive A and boot your system. At the
A:\> prompt type:
debug and press the ENTER key
2. At the program prompt "-", type:
G=CC00:5
This causes the system to execute program code stored at location CC005 in ROM.
The BIOS then tries to read the parameter tables from the drive and store them
in the shadow RAM. You will see the screen shown in Figure 3-2.
To execute a function, simply enter the number of the desired routine. The BIOS
executes that routine and then prompts you to press a key to return to the main
menu. Note that after you have finished formatting and running the various
routines, you must make a proper exit through function 7 to set the drive type.
***Western Digital 1007/A/1007V BIOS Utilities, Rev. 1.5***
DRIVE 0 CYLINDERS XXX HEADS XX PRECOMP CYLINDER XXX SPT XX
DRIVE 1 CYLINDERS XXX HEADS XX PRECOMP CYLINDER XXX SPT XX
Help---------------------------------- 1
Low Level Format All of Drive--------- 2
Mark Defect List Automatically-------- 3
Mark Defect List by Hand-------------- 4
Verify Drive All of Drive------------- 5
Surface Analysis All of Drive--------- 6
Set Drive Type and Exit--------------- 7
Enter Choice (1-7)------
FIGURE 3-2. WD1007V BIOS UTILITY
CAUTION
Selection of any of the menu choices will cause permanent loss of any
data files that may exist on the drive. If you have not backed up your
files and you wish to exit, press CONTROL-C or CONTROL-BREAK. Perform a
power-up reboot to clear the shadow RAM.
Following is a brief description of the formatting routines performed by the
WD1007V BIOS utility. We recommend that you select and perform the routines in
this order:
Low Level Format
Mark Defect List Automatically
Verify Drive
Surface Analysis
Change Drive Type and Exit
The WD1007V BIOS offers these features:
1. On-screen HELP menu
2. Low-level format - Formatting routines are present to do the low-level
initialization of the disk surface. The drive is formatted according to
the number of physical sectors per track. Transparent to the user, the
routine formats with a sector skew. The sector skew, which is fixed at two,
allows the controller to maintain a 1:1 interleave across all head
boundaries. Sector skewing is a method of formatting in which the sector
numbers are rotated in the interleave table for each track. (See "Format
and Surface Analysis" in the Appendix for further information.)
Note
When performing a low-level format of an ESDI drive, use the drive's
physical parameters.
3. Mark Defect List Automatically - This routine automatically reads the
manufacturer's defect list for each head and identifies and marks bad
tracks. If an alternate sector is available, a bad sector can be
deallocated without having to mark an entire track as bad. This routine
allows you to present an error-free drive to the system.
4. Mark Defect List by Hand - This routine is the same as the previous one,
except that it allows the user to enter the list of media defects provided
by the manufacturer. Use this routine if you are unable to enter the
defects automatically.
5. Verify drive routine - This routine performs a quick media verification. If
a bad spot is discovered, the user has the option to mark it as bad. If an
alternate sector is available, the bad sector is deallocated.
6. Surface Analysis routine - This routine performs a long-term test on the
entire drive. It identifies bad tracks on the drive and, in the event that
there is only one bad sector on the track (and it is NOT sector zero), it
uses the alternate sector when reformatting the track. This prevents the
controller from identifying the entire track as "bad".
7. Change drive type and exit routine - There are five possible options
available for defining drive type. The drive type can be changed by using
the "+" and "-" keys.
No drive present. The BIOS automatically selects a drive type 0 if there
is no drive present. You will see the message "*** NONE SELECTED OR NO
DRIVE PRESENT !***" next to the drive number.
Non-translation. This option uses the drive's actual physical parameters
(number of heads, SPT and cylinders). The maximum number of cylinders is
1023.
Translation - 17 SPT. Select this option when the drive is being used in
a system that does not recognize drives with SPT values greater than 17
SPT. The low-level format uses the actual physical SPT, while the
parameter tables created will show 17 SPT (with translation enabled).
Translation - 63 SPT. Select this option if the drive has more than 1024
cylinders, and it is being using in a system which can only recognize a
maximum of 1024 cylinders. Translation should always be enabled when such
a condition exists. Translation provides full use of all the cylinders of
the drive even though most types of AT BIOS recognize only a maximum of
1024 cylinders.
Special non-translation. Select this option only if your drive has more
than 1023 cylinders and you are using a special device driver or
operating system to obtain full usage of your ESDI drive.
**************************************************************************
HIGH-LEVEL FORMATTING
**************************************************************************
After you have completed the low-level formatting of your drive using either
the WDFMT 2.10 utility or the WD1007V BIOS utility, you will need to partition
your drive and perform a high-level format. The three main operating systems
(MS-DOS, Net Ware, and Xenix) all handle disk usage differently.
MS-DOS (FDISK and FORMAT)
After you have completed the low-level formatting of each hard drive in your
system, use the FDISK and FORMAT utilities to prepare your drive for the MS-DOS
operating system. Refer to your operating system manual for complete
instructions.
1. Use FDISK (MSDOS 3.3 or Xenix) to partition your drive. If your version of
MS-DOS does not support the creation of multiple logical drives, disk
enhancement software drivers must be used to obtain full usage of your high
capacity drive.
2. Use the "Format C:(D:)/S" command to perform high-level formatting of the
drive. This utility formats the drive to accept your operating system's
files and allows you to copy the operating system to the drive. You must
format all logical drives (partitions).
SCO Xenix
The SCO Xenix operating system does not limit the size of the disk partition.
During the installation of the Xenix operating system, the user is prompted for
information on how to partition the disk. The entire disk may be used for Xenix
or separate partitions can be created for both Xenix or MS-DOS. (Note: Create
the MS-DOS partition first using MS-DOS FDISK.) The Xenix installation performs
all tasks comparable to the DOS FDISK and FORMAT utilities.
SCO Xenix 2.1 can create a parameter table for the drive outside of the system
BIOS. The user is prompted at installation time to supply the drive parameters.
Previous versions of the SCO Xenix operating system assumed 17 sectors per
track, regardless of the information contained in the parameter table. If you
have an older version, use the 17 sector translation option provided by the
WD1007V BIOS utility.
Novell Net Ware
Novell NetWare is a local area network (LAN) operating system. If you are using
NetWare 2.0a, you must select the 17 SPT drive type offered by the WD1007V BIOS
utility. If you are using NetWare 2.1 or later, any number of sectors per track
is permissible. If you are running NetWare in a non-dedicated mode or if you
are using the standard AT hard disk driver that comes with Netware, we
recommend that you select these parameters: 63 SPT and 16 heads. This will
accommodate a drive size of 512 Mbytes.
NetWare requires you to run a program called CompSurf to prepare the disk
drive. When running CompSurf, do not format your drive. Answer "NO" when asked
"Format the disk?" or you will lose all the BIOS information and defect
information on your drive. When asked if you wish to maintain the defect map,
respond "Yes" if you use the WD1007V BIOS utility.
4
HOW TO CHECK YOUR INSTALLATION
After you have completed the hardware installation and properly formatted your
drive, you are ready to use your system.
**************************************************************************
START SYSTEM FROM HARD DISK
**************************************************************************
With your operating system installed on your hard drive, you can now boot your
system from your active MS-DOS (or other operating system) partition. Remember
to remove any diskettes from Drive A or your system will default to Drive A
when you reboot.
Simultaneously press the CTRL ALT DEL keys to reboot the system.
The system should respond and your monitor should finally display the C prompt
(C:\>). Your installation is complete.
**************************************************************************
HOW TO HANDLE PROBLEMS
**************************************************************************
If you have a problem with your system, first re-read the instructions to be
sure you followed them correctly. It is important to type information exactly
as instructed.
Repeat the procedures a second time. If you obtain the same results, then check
the next section "If You Have a Problem".
If You Have a Problem
First check your physical installation. Check for reversed cables, an
overloaded system power supply, incorrect drive selection, etc.
The following section lists some common problems and possible solutions
to try.
PROBLEM: No response.
SOLUTION: Change cables. Do NOT interchange floppy disk drive cables with hard
drive cables. Check your system setup configuration.
PROBLEM: Winchester activity LED always on.
SOLUTION: Check cable connections. Replace cables. Verify that drive
is not malfunctioning.
PROBLEM: "Error Reading Fixed Disk" message after booting the system.
SOLUTION: DOS partition not active. See FDISK instructions in your
DOS manual.
PROBLEM: "Hard Disk Drive Not Ready" or "01" Error Code.
SOLUTION: You may have an overloaded power supply. Update system power
supply.
PROBLEM: You have a high capacity hard disk drive (capacity exceeds 512
MBytes) and are unable to access more than 512 Mbytes.
SOLUTION: Your current operating system may only recognize a maximum
capacity of 512 Mbytes. To gain access to the full capacity of your
hard drive, you will need to change your operating system or
possibly obtain a special driver. Contact the dealer that sold you
your drive. He should be able to recommend a solution so that you
can fully utilize your drive's capacity.
If you are unable to resolve a problem, contact your dealer.
APPENDIX A
**************************************************************************
TRANSLATION
**************************************************************************
In order to utilize the maximum storage capacity of ESDI drives, the WD1007V-
SE2 controller resolves two types of problems associated with the
implementation of ESDI drives in an AT environment:
1. Older versions of MS-DOS only recognize 17 SPT, whereas ESDI drives have
34 or more SPT.
The WD1007V BIOS provides translation schemes to obtain
full use of ESDI drive capacity even though the operating system can
only recognize 17 SPT.
2. Most personal computers address disk space via the INT 13
BIOS software interface.This software interface provides only four bits
to specify head number, six bits for a sector number and ten bits for a
cylinder number. Thus, the ideal drive for the INT 13 software interface
could have 16 heads, 63 sectors per track and 1023 cylinders.
The WD1007V BIOS provides translation schemes to maximize the disk space
that can be addressed by INT 13. The standard 63 SPT translation creates
a logical drive with 16 heads and 63 sectors per track. It maps the
drive's physical characteristics into these logical parameters by
converting the logical disk address parameters supplied by the host into a
logical sequential sector number. These logical sector numbers are then
translated into actual physical parameters so that all physical sectors on
the drive are utilized.
When disk address translation is disabled (jumper on W1 5-6), mapping is
one-to-one. Each physical sector maps directly to a logical sector.
**************************************************************************
FORMAT AND SURFACE ANALYSIS
**************************************************************************
Formatting routines perform the low-level initialization of the disk surface.
The drive is formatted with the physical characteristics read from the drive.
Formatting is done at a 1:1 interleave ratio which makes it possible to read or
write and entire track in one rotation of a disk. The format routine formats
with the selected sector skew (a skew of 2 is recommended for optimal
performance) and also may format an optional spare sector on each track. This
spare sector is used to deallocate a bad sector on a track.
The sector skew, when fixed at two, allows the controller to maintain a 1:1
interleave across all head boundaries. Sector skewing is a method of formatting
by which the sector numbers are rotated in the interleave table each time a new
head on a cylinder is formatted. Selecting a skew of 2 causes the first sector
after index on Head 0 to be identified as Sector 1. The sector identified as
Sector 1 on Head 1 is the third physical sector from index as shown in the
following example.
HEAD SECTOR NUMBERS
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6
Interleave: 1:1
Sector skew: 2
FIGURE 1. SECTOR SKEW
This formatting procedure allows the controller to maintain 1:1 interleave when
reading across the head boundary. This becomes critical when the number of
sectors per track increases and the time allowed for completion of overhead
functions decreases. By changing the sector numbers the controller has enough
time to complete needed tasks and be ready to read the ID field of the first
sector on the next head.
**************************************************************************
ALTERNATE SECTOR
**************************************************************************
The WDFMT 2.10 utility and the WD1007V BIOS utility both provide the ability to
format an alternate sector on the track. This spare sector is identified as
Sector 0, making it invisible to the system BIOS which expects sector numbers
starting at 1. This sector is always formatted as the last physical sector on
the track. WDFMT and the WD1007V BIOS use the spare sector if an error is
encountered with any sector on a track. The program reformats the track,
numbering the bad sector as zero and shifting the following sectors one to the
right. If more than one sector is bad, the entire track is marked as bad when
reformatted.
The alternate sector feature provides the ability to map out defects so that an
error-free drive can be presented to the operating system. This may be
important to you if your operating system can handle only a certain number of
media defects. Note that formatting an alternate sector will somewhat reduce
the available storage space on your drive.